It produces a toxin that is damaging to the skin and underlying tissues.
The infection usually begins as a painless spot or pimple which slowly grows bigger and forms an ulcer. Sometimes it presents only as a lump or swelling without a noticeable centre. The infection may occur anywhere on the body but is often found on exposed skin such as the hands feet arms legs and ears.It is common to mistake early symptoms of the infection for a spider bite.
How mycobacterium ulcerans is spread
The route of transmission is not fully understood. The bacteria has been detected in wildlife including possums and koalas in mosquitoes and aquatic insects and in soil samples.
It can take between 2-6 months for the symptoms to develop.
The Victorian Government is researching Mycobacterium ulcerans with the Beating Buruli in Victoria project.
How to reduce the risk of infection
There are some steps you can take to reduce your risk. When outdoors or working in the garden:
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protect cuts or abrasions with sticking plasters
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promptly wash and cover any scratches or cuts you receive while working outdoors
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wear gardening gloves long sleeved shirts and trousers
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avoid insect bites by using insect repellent containing DEET or Picaridin
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clean possum faeces away from the immediate environment.
When to seek medical advice
If you are concerned you should seek medical advice but especially when:
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you have a slow-healing skin lesion or ulcer
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you have a persistent lump or swelling
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the infection begins as a painless pimple which progresses to form an ulcer.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can reduce the risk of severe disease.
Bairnsdale Ulcer Images
These images are provided by Professor Paul Johnson author of Buruli ulcer in Australia.
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The cause of infection in humans is not known. As the bacterium is found in the environment it is recommended to protect yourself from potential sources of infection such as soil and insect bites. A research study on mosquitoes trapped in the Point Lonsdale area has shown a small percentage of them to be contaminated with the same bacteria that causes Bairnsdale ulcer. Tests on vegetation and excreta from some native mammals have also shown to be positive to the bacteria in areas where the ulcer is endemic. View the Better Health Channel website for more information.